Umhlinzeki Wendololwane Ofaka Ipayipi Lokushisela, Indololwane Yensimbi Engagqwali engama-90
Izindololwane izifakelo zamapayipi ezishintsha isiqondiso sepayipi ohlelweni lwamapayipi.Ngokwe-engeli, kunezintathu ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu: 45° kanye no-90°180°.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwezidingo zobunjiniyela, kuhlanganisa nezinye izindololwane ze-engeli ezingajwayelekile njengo-60°.Izinto ezisetshenziswa endololwaneni zihlanganisa insimbi ecijile, insimbi engagqwali, insimbi yengxubevange, insimbi eyakhiwe ngendololwane, insimbi ye-carbon, izinsimbi ezingezona ayoni namapulasitiki.Izindololwane izifakelo zamapayipi ezishintsha isiqondiso sepayipi ohlelweni lwamapayipi.Ngokwe-engeli, kunezintathu ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu: 45° kanye no-90°180°.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwezidingo zobunjiniyela, kuhlanganisa nezinye izindololwane ze-engeli ezingajwayelekile njengo-60°.Izinto ezisetshenziswa endololwaneni zihlanganisa insimbi ecijile, insimbi engagqwali, insimbi yengxubevange, insimbi eyakhiwe ngendololwane, insimbi ye-carbon, izinsimbi ezingezona ayoni namapulasitiki.Izindlela zokuxhuma nepayipi yilezi: i-welding eqondile (indlela evame kakhulu) uxhumano lwe-flange, uxhumano lwe-hot melt, uxhumano lwe-electrofusion, uxhumano lwe-threaded kanye nokuxhumeka kwe-socket, njll Ngokwenqubo yokukhiqiza, ingahlukaniswa: indololwane yokushisela, indololwane yokunyathela, indololwane yokucindezela okushisayo, indololwane ephushayo, indololwane ejikijela, indololwane ebambekayo, indololwane yokunamathisela, njll. Amanye amagama: indololwane engu-90°, ukugoba kwe-engeli kwesokudla, ukugoba kothando, indololwane yensimbi emhlophe, njll.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezindololwane zensimbi engagqwali kanye nezindololwane ze-carbon steel umehluko wezinto ezibonakalayo.Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuqukethwe endololwaneni kuzogcina ubuso bendololwane bungabi nokugqwala nokugqwala isikhathi eside.
Ngokusho kokukhiqizwa okujwayelekile, ingashintshwa ibe: 90° indololwane yensimbi engagqwali ende engaba indololwane.
1. Ngokwezinga lokukhiqiza, lingahlukaniswa ngezinga likazwelonke, izinga lomkhumbi, izinga likagesi, izinga lamanzi, izinga laseMelika, izinga lesiJalimane, izinga laseJapane, izinga lesiRashiya, njll.
2. Ingahlukaniswa ngokucindezela, ukucindezela, ukufoja, ukuphonsa, njll ngokusho kwendlela yokukhiqiza.
Indololwane yensimbi engagqwali engu-90° isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukuxhuma ukufakwa kwamapayipi ekufakweni kwamapayipi, futhi isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ukugoba kwamapayipi.Xhuma amapayipi amabili anobubanzi obufanayo noma obuhlukile ukuze wenze ukujika okungu-90°.
Izindololwane zensimbi engagqwali nazo zingahlukaniswa zibe izindololwane ezinobubanzi obulinganayo nezindololwane ezingalingani.Izindololwane ezinobubanzi obulinganayo zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amapayipi anobubanzi obufanayo obungaphandle, futhi izindololwane ezingalingani zobubanzi zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amapayipi anobubanzi obuhlukene bangaphandle.
Insimbi engagqwali ivame ukwenziwa ngokungeza ingxenye ephezulu ye-Cr, i-Ni namanye ama-alloys ngesisekelo se-carbon steel, futhi isilinganiso sokuqukethwe singafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-20%.Amabanga ensimbi ajwayelekile yilawa: 304, 304L, 321, 316, 316L, 1Cr18Ni9Ti, 0cr18ni9.Inombolo yokuqala yezinombolo zensimbi emelwe izinombolo i-Japan kanye nendlela yokumelela inombolo yensimbi yase-United States, futhi uhlobo lokugcina (1Cr18Ni9Ti) indlela yokumelela inombolo yensimbi yasekhaya.Ukugqwala kwe-pitting yensimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezindaweni ezinamanzi aqukethe i-iodine, i-chlorine, ne-bromine.Isizathu sokugqwala komgodi wensimbi engagqwali ukuthi ama-ion e-chloride angama-anion asebenzayo, akhanyiswa kalula, akhama ama-athomu omoya-mpilo, futhi asabelane nama-cations kufilimu ye-passivation ukwenza ama-chloride ancibilikayo, acekele phansi ifilimu ye-passivation, enze izimbotshana ezincane, futhi ube yisiteji sokukhuthaza ukugqwala kwe-pitting.Kulesi sigaba, isifunda esivinjiwe siyakhiwa, futhi kwenzeka ukugqwala kwamanje.
9 Isifinyezo solwazi lokuhlela indololwane yensimbi engagqwali
Inhloso yendololwane yensimbi engagqwali: ukuxhuma amapayipi amabili anobubanzi obufanayo begama ukwenza ukujika okungama-degree angama-90.
1. Hlukanisa i-carbon steel, cast steel, i-alloy steel, insimbi engagqwali, ithusi, i-aluminium alloy, ipulasitiki, i-argon leaching, i-ppc, njll.
2. Ngokwendlela yokukhiqiza, ingahlukaniswa ngokucindezela, ukucindezela, ukufosha, ukuphonsa, njll.
3. Ngokwezinga lokukhiqiza, lingahlukaniswa ngezinga likazwelonke, izinga likagesi, izinga lamanzi, izinga laseMelika, izinga laseJalimane, izinga laseJapane, izinga laseRussia, njll. Insimbi engagqwali nayo ingenye yezinto eziqine kakhulu ezintweni zokwakha zensimbi.Ngoba insimbi engagqwali inokugqwala okuhle, ngakho ingenza izingxenye zesakhiwo zigcine unomphela ubuqotho bomklamo wobunjiniyela.Insimbi engagqwali equkethe i-Chromium iphinde ihlanganise amandla emishini nokunwebeka okuphezulu, ukucutshungulwa kalula nokwenza izingxenye, futhi ingahlangabezana